Tunneling, the second method of integrating IPv6 and IPv4 networks, entails encapsulating the IPv6 packets or datagrams and sending them over IPv4 networks. In order to support the different tunneling mechanisms that will be described in this section, edge Cisco IOS routers must have a dual-stack implementation which allows the IPv6 packets to be encapsulated in IPv4 packets and then de-encapsulated at the terminating router. It should be noted that intermediate routers do not need to run IPv6. In other words, these routers would simply be IPv4-only routers. Figure 9-1 illustrates a typical tunneling implementation:
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