The IEEE 802.1D standard was designed at a time when the recovery of connectivity after an outage within a minute or so was considered adequate performance. In the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) , recovery takes around 50 seconds, which includes 20 seconds for the Max Age timer to expire and then an additional 30 seconds for the port to transition from the Blocking state to the Forwarding state. As computer technology evolved, and networks became more critical, it became apparent that more rapid network convergence was required. Cisco addressed this requirement by developing some proprietary enhancements to . . .
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